Increased use of electric appliances and devices has led to amplified energy consumption and
\ndemand that has added more stress on the existing grid. To be able to manage adequately and
\nefficiently the increased demand, the electric power utilities have been obliged to upgrade their
\ngrids using smart grid technologies. Indeed, the implementation of advanced communication
\nwith smart metering infrastructure has helped the utility to better control the grid and manage
\ncritical peak loading through demand-side response mechanisms. Besides, the development of
\nIoT technologies have encouraged the adoption of smart devices and appliances to enable the
\nsmooth and easy transition to the smart grid. This project aims at designing a device-to-device
\nnegotiation mechanism for energy management enabling demand response at the consumption
\nsites. The proposed approach is to create a local communication network among the connected
\nsmart devices and the main smart meter in a building. The ESP32 IoT development kit was
\nselected to mimic the smart devices because of its low cost and high performance. WIFI
\ntechnology was adopted for communication because nowadays most of the buildings are
\nequipped with such technology. To assure that all devices can communicate with each other
\nand the smart meter, which could be located far from some of the devices, a mesh network is
\ndeveloped. The mesh network allows any smart device to communicate with any other smart
\ndevice even if they are out of their Wi-Fi communication range. Therefore, the mesh network
\nprovides more reliability to the proposed negotiation system. The device-to-device negotiation
\nalgorithm is developed such as each device receives information from the smart meter about
\nthe amount of demand reduction and sends back information about its readiness to respond to
\nsuch demand reduction. The device-to-device energy negotiation algorithm is designed to
\nreduce the number or\/and energy consumption of appliances operating during peak demand
\ntime. The negotiation algorithm and decision-making among smart appliances depends on
\nthe device operation priority, power demand, and availability. The proposed algorithm design
\nis very important in terms of its ability to reach fast decisions during an energy negotiation
\noperation among the connected smart devices and the smart meter. Besides, an important
\nparameter to consider is the security of the proposed system design. The security is assured by
\nadding security tasks such as ID and password during each communication process to secure
\nthe system from the cyber-attacks. The proposed design was implemented and tested on a set
\nof five ESP32 kits. The ESP32 devices were placed and tested at different locations and
\nDepartment of Electrical Engineering Senior Design Project Report iii
\ndistances. One of the five ESP32 devices was acting as the coordinator and the four others as
\nsmart appliances. The obtained results obtained validated the efficacy of the proposed design
\nat a small scale. Unfortunately, it was not possible to conduct the test on a larger of devices
\nbecause of the COVID-19 pandemic and the mandatory home confinement, which did not
\nallow us to go to the University to acquire more devices and conduct the experiments in the
\nlaboratories.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Increased use of electric appliances and devices has led to amplified energy consumption and demand that has added more stress on the existing grid. To be able to manage adequately and efficiently the increased demand, the electric power utilities have been obliged to upgrade their grids using smart grid technologies. Indeed, the implementation of advanced … Continue reading