Introduction

Since the bi-directional battery charger still has a long way until its implementation on a large scale. Here comes the need to improve this technology to the best. The technology still has some problems like efficiency, size, reliability, cost, and time to charge. Furthermore, there is also the issue of how to get a battery that can be used to provide the required power and work in both directions and be able to handle the power transferred. However, all these requirements introduce the problem of acquiring suitable component, such as; a set of batteries, converters, inverters and other components that meets the specifications that were set in the beginning. Hence, this imposes the need to design an efficient, reliable, and fast bi-directional charger for EVs satisfying realistic design constraints and related standards.