Abstract
This report represents the electrical distribution and protection designs of a modern sports complex that consists of a football stadium and variation of other sport’s courts. Besides, mapping the architectural model of the indoor and outdoor facilities and fields of the sports complex using AUTOCAD. All the electrical specifications are according to KAHRAMAA standards. The sport’s complex model contains a football stadium, a basketball, a handball, volleyball fields, tennis courts, and a swimming pool. In addition to that, sufficient parking slots for the size of the complex and a food court are provided. The system shall operate at the frequency in Qatar, which is 50 Hz, with a voltage drop that does not exceed 6% according to the KHARMAA standard. The project report will address a brief introduction about the power system along with the problem definition, standards and constraints of the project. Besides, a literature review about multiple concepts related to the project such as electrical distribution, types of distribution networks and earthing. The main load characteristics inside the sports complex were obtained, according to international standards, the results indicate that sports complex consume 2.674 MVA. Furthermore, the design of the substation, types of cables and the voltage drop calculations were designed and calculated. The substation contains MV room, LV panels, and transformers, along with two 1.6 MVA oil transformers that are used in the substation to be able to supply the sports complex’s load. The maximum voltage’s drop obtained is 2.75% from the transformer to the distribution board. Moreover, an earthing system was designed for both substations and the loads and the grid resistance were 3.79 Ω and 1.96 Ω for load and substation grids respectively. Also, types and characteristics of circuit breakers, circuit breaker designing, power factor correction, and backup generation were addressed as part of the protection of the system against any fault. Finally, the report shows the future work to be done such as a firefighting system, smart metering, and automation to the distribution system. Additionally, how unexpected coronavirus affects the project.
Background
The beginning of the electric utility industry was on the fourth of September 1882, in this date the first electric power station in New York City (pearl street station) started operating [1]. After this historical day, the industry of the electric utility has achieved a significant growth over the years, the main reasons of this remark. Able growth are the continuous development in the power generation sector and the various new invitation and innovation made by the scientists and engineers. As a result of this evolution, the electricity stations and networks of distribution have spread around the whole world, and the user’s consumption has grown with the passage of time. In fact, generation, transmission, distribution and protection are the main operations in electric power systems. In general, as can be observed in figure 1-1, the electricity generation is the first stage that is accomplished in the power plants by using different techniques such as electric generators, Electrochemistry and nuclear power. Transmission stage is the intermediate stage between the electricity generation stage and the distribution stage, the role of this process is to carry the electricity the long distance from power plants to distribution networks. Furthermore, the electric distribution part is the last stage which carries the electricity form transmission systems to the final consumer, this stage considered to be important because it has a high investment cost and it deals with the ultimate customer [2].
Moreover, power system protection is one of the essential parts of the power system which is responsible for disconnecting the faulted parts form the system. The protection branch can be considered as the support for the electric system. Nowadays, the electric power system is applied in every institution such as companies, houses, malls, sports complexes, schools and universities. In general, for each institution the load size and the amount of electricity demanded will differ from the others, based on that, the distribution system will vary from one to another depending on the load size. Modern sport complex is a place that contains different sport’s facilities such as football stadium, basketball court, handball court, gym, swimming pool, tennis court and parking. In this project, a distribution system and protection system must be performed. The main tasks that should be accomplished during the project are: a full load study for the system that include lighting, HVAC system, motors and sensors, moreover, the design for the distribution substation must be obtained which include the size of the transformer, in addition, a protection system must be designed as well. Finally, the safety of the people and the environment must be considered during the design, moreover, the international standard such as FIFA, NBA, KAHRAMAA and IEC must be followed during the design.
Problem Definition
Due to the evident technological development lately, the design of electrical distribution and protection for a modern sport complex became essential. The architectural model of the sport complex must be designed as the first step of the project. For the distribution section, the load study for the project must be obtained which will contain the lighting for the whole sport complex buildings, parking, and streets, also the air conditioning, the firefighting system, and the power of the sockets. Moreover, in the distribution section, the design of the substation, sizing of the transformer and voltage drop calculations must be obtained. For the protection section against any fault, the backup power installations should be considered for the whole complex according to the standard of KAHRAMAA.
Aims and Objectives
- Aim:
The main aim of this project is to design and simulate a power distribution and protection system for modern sport complex under specific constraints and following KAHRAMAA standards.
- Objectives:
The following are the detailed objectives that should be achieved in this project:
- Design a distribution system for the sport complex by performing the load study.
- Obtain the size of the transformer and design the substation.
- Calculate the voltage drop level and cable sizing.
- Design a protection system for the sport complex by selecting the suitable circuit breaker and fuses for the faults and grounding.
- Design an earthing system for the sport complex and the substation.
Constraints and Standard
The main constraints of the project are illustrated in table 1-1 which are rated voltage, nominal frequency, fault level, cables, the capacity of substation and the neutral. In addition, the main standards that will be followed as listed in table 1-2.
|
SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS |
||
| Specification | Constraint |
Value |
|
Technical
|
Rated Voltage |
240/415, 3 Phase, 4Wire |
| Voltage Drop |
6% |
|
|
Nominal Frequency |
50 ± 0.1 Hz | |
| Fault level |
31 MVA at 415 V |
|
| Neutral |
Solidly Earthed |
|
|
Transformer’s Rate |
500 kVA, 1 MVA, 1.6MVA | |
| Oil transformer maximum rating |
90% of its maximum rating |
|
|
Distribution substation voltage |
11 kV / 415 V | |
| Power factor |
0.9 |
|
|
Touch Voltage |
Not exceed mesh voltage | |
| Step Voltage |
Not exceed step voltage of point and the grid |
|
|
Total resistance of earthing grid |
not exceed 5 Ω |
|
|
SYSTEM STANDARD |
|
| Reference |
Description |
|
IEEE 241-1990 |
IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings |
| ASHRAE 62.1-2016 |
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality |
|
ASHRAE 90.1 |
Energy Standard for Buildings Except for Low-Rise Residential Buildings |
| NFPA 70:2-220 |
National Electrical Code |
|
KAHRAMAA CS-CSI-P1/C1 |
Low Voltage Electricity & Water Installations Regulations
ELECTRICITY WIRING CODE 2016 |
| FIBA (Basketball) |
FIBA GUIDE TO BASKETBALL FACILITIES |
|
FIVB (Volleyball) |
EVENT REGULATIONS Volleyball Version: 4 May 2018 |
| FIFA (Football) |
Football Stadiums Technical recommendations and requirements 5th edition,2011 |
|
IHF (Handball) |
Recommendations and guidelines for the construction of handball playing halls |
| Ashghal – Public Works Authority |
STREET LIGHTING: Accepted products for use on roads managed by the Ashghal Public Works Authority (PWA) |
|
KAHRAMAA EP –DD –M1 |
DISTRIBUTION PLANNING MANUAL |
| KAHRAMAA EP-MS-P4/S4-015 |
Specification for 11/0.433 kV Oil Filled, Ground Mounted, Distribution Transformers |
|
KAHRAMAA EP-MS-P4/S2-082 |
Specification for 11kV Indoor Switchgear Panels –Vacuum Circuit Breaker Type |
| KAHRAMAA EP-MS-P4/S3-040 |
Specification for LV XLPE Cables |
|
IEEE 80-2013 |
IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding |
| BS EN 60898-1, BS EN 60898-2 and BS EN 60947-2 |
Guide to Low Voltage Circuit-Breakers Standards |