• • Compliance with Design Constraints
  • Conclusion
  • Future Work
  • Effects of COVID-19

Compliance with Design Constraints

In this section, a comparison between the defined constraints and the obtained results will be conducted. Table 6-1 below shows the comparison between each constraint and the obtained results.

Table ‎6‑1 Comparison between obtained results and the constraints

Conclusion

All in all, the aim of this project was to design the distribution and protection of a modern sport complex which follows the standards in Qatar. Designing the architectural model and the contents of the sport complex was the first step. The complex contains a football stadium, sport activities building which contains volleyball, handball, basketball courts, besides, a tennis court, a gym, Jacuzzi, and a food court. In addition, the complex provides up to 3300 parking slots for the audience and the users of the complex. The second step of the project which was the main core of the whole process is calculating the load of the complex according to the standards of KAHRAMAA. The load of the complex is divided to several categories, such as, lighting, air conditioning, sockets power, firefighting, and motor pumps for the swimming pool. The obtained loads of the complex buildings were 2.674 MVA. A load up to 1.152 MVA for the stadium, 1.248 MVA for the sport activities building, and 272.7 kVA for the streets and parking slots. After obtaining the load of the complex, selecting the size of the transformer and the type of the distribution network was essential. The distribution network used for this design is radial. Two 1.6 MVA oil transformers are used to supply the load of the complex sufficiently. The next part of the process was designing the substation. The substation contains MV room to receive the power from KAHRAMAA networks, the distribution transformers, and two LV panels to transfer the power from the transformers to the distribution boards. The first LV panel contains 4 feeders and the other panel contains 6 feeders. The oil transformer maximum operational rate is 90% according to standard, so the feeders had to be divided accurately to not pass the maximum rate of the oil transformer. Hence, the first transformer is using 78% of the transformer’s capacity, and the second transformer uses 89% of the transformer’s capacity. The cables had to be determined according to Doha cable’s specifications. The biggest cross-section area of a cable used in the design is 800mm² which is between the transformer and LV panel. The maximum voltage’s drop calculated through the cables was 2.26% which is less than the stated constraint. After that, designing of the earthing system for the sport complex was performed which include the earthing system for the loads and the earthing system for the substation. For the load side, the total resistance was obtained such the size of the earthing conductor to be at least 31.45m², the resistance of the electrodes in the hollow square shape was calculated as well and the total resistance of the earthing system was obtained which is 3.79Ω that meets the standards. While, the earthing system for the substation was designed by finding the mesh voltage, step voltage and touch voltage. Finally, last chapter describe the protection part of the sport complex. This chapter consist of three parts which are the circuit breakers, the power factor correction and backup generator. Firstly, the circuit breaker was selected based on the fault current and the current passing through each feeder, so each feeder has its own circuit breaker that will disconnect the branch when the fault occurs. Moreover, the power factor correction was performed to increase the power factor of the system from 0.9 to 1 by obtaining the size of the bank capacitor which is 65.41mF that will supply 1165.5 kVar to improve the power factor of the system. In addition, a backup generator was designed to feed the stadium during the blackout of the system, the size of generator 1.75 MVA that will be mainly used for the stadium, but it can be shared with the other loads in the complex

Future Work

The main points that could be consider in as a future work are:

• Implementing firefighting system to the substation.
• Implement extra protection devices such fuses and coordinate between the different devices.
• Use different types of distributed generators such (solar, PV cells) as backup power sources.
• Implementing smart metering infrastructure into the system.
• Apply the automation technology to the distribution system.

Coronavirus Effects (COVID-19)

The unexpected appearance of the coronavirus (COVID-19) around the world had an influence on the educational and academic process in the university and the process of doing the senior project. That influence might be negative regarding a few aspects and positive influence regarding another aspects. The first two weeks after the suspension of classes were difficult due to several reasons. The transformation from physical meetings with the instructor to meetings through the internet was not easy due to some connection issues and some adaptation issues with the case of living with a current pandemic. Being not able as a group to meet to work together or brainstorm for the project chapters and assignments was a negative influence of the current situation. As engineers we have to learn how to adapt with the unfortunate current situation and try to find the best solutions to achieve the targets. Which we consider as a group as a beneficial training to work under any circumstances as engineers through life.